| INGREDIENT gLOSSARY Listed alphabetically |
OUR Certifications Our organic certification is your assurance that a third party has carefully audited all of our processes and procedures and they affirm that we are indeed using ONLY the ingredients that we say we are. At Trillium, we go beyond Organic, and make sure that each of the ingredients we use are sourced from suppliers who do not test on animals, and have enlightened human rights policies. Each of these certifications are earned and awarded, not just purchased. Click on any of the icons to learn more about each certifying body. |
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Organic ALOE (Aloe barbadensis leaf) - Consisting of the dried latex of the leaves of Aloe barbadensis, Aloe can be
found throughout the tropics and warmer regions worldwide. Its true origin is unknown, although it is thought to have come
from the Nile region in Sudan. Aloe has been considered a significant medicinal plant for thousands of years across the
Mediterranean, Middle East and North Africa, and was called “the plant of immortality” in Ancient Egypt. Recent studies show
aloe to be more effective in treating UV induced inflammation than a preparation of 1% hydrocortisone gel.* In another recent
study reviewing the use of aloe in dermatological conditions, aloe was found to be effective for genital herpes, psoriasis,
human papiloma virus, seborrheic dermatitis, aphthous stomatitis, xerosis, lichen planus, frostbite, burn, wound healing and
inflammation; and as a biological vehicle and an anti-microbial and antifungal agent. **
*Reutier, Jocher, Stump, Grossjohann, Franke, Schempp. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory potential of Aloe vera gel (97.5%) in the ultraviolet
erythema test. Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2008;21(2):106-10.
Epub 2008 Feb 5.
**Feily, Namazi. Aloe vera in dermatology: a brief review. Department of Dermatology, Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Giornale
Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia 2009 Feb;144(1):85-91
Organic BEESWAX (Cera flava) - Some of civilization’s earliest records tell us that people from all parts of the world
have used beeswax as an antiseptic and for wound healing since ancient times. Beeswax is one of nature’s most useful
ingredients for skincare. It is a thickener, an emulsifier, and humectant. It has emollient, soothing and softening properties and
helps the skin retain moisture. It is sometimes incorrectly believed to be comedogenic (causing or aggravating acne) whereas
beeswax actually has a comedogenicity rating of 0 - 2, which means that when properly used, beeswax does not promote the
formation of acne or pimples. Recent studies show that beeswax is useful in combination with oils to provide an occlusive layer
that reduces SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate) induced irritation.*
*Zhai, Willard, Maiback. Evaluating skin-protective materials against contact irritants and allergens. An in vivo screening human model. Department of
Dermatology, University of California, School of Medicine. Contact Dermatitis, 1998 Mar;38(3):155-8.
Organic CALENDULA (Calendula officinalis flowers) - Calendula is chiefly used as a topical remedy. It is widely
considered a gentle, yet potent vulnerary, effective in the treatment of irritation, dryness, inflammation and scaling conditions.
A maceration of the resinous calendula flowers in oil is traditionally regarded to be a most useful remedy for wounds, ulcers,
bedsores and rashes. Contemporary references specify the active properties of calendula as anti-inflammatory, styptic,
antiseptic, anti-hemorrhagic and recommend its use in the treatment of inflamed cutaneous lesions as well as slow-healing
wounds and bruising.* Additional recent study evidences the antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of oleanolic acid and its
glycosides isolated from Calendula officinalis.** The main constituents are volatile oil, saponins, flavonoids, clendulin, sterols,
fatty acids, calendic acid, oleanic acid, triterpenoids, tocopherols and flavonol glycosides. It has been shown that calendula
stimulates the regeneration of wound tissue by increasing the metabolism of glycoproteins, nucleoproteins and collagen during
the healing process.***
*European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, October-December 1999, pages 303-308.
** Szakiel, Ruszkowski, Grudniak, Kurek, Wolska, Doligalska, Janiszowska. Antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of oleanolic acid and
its glycosides isolated from marigold (Calendula officinalis). Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Planta
Medica. 2008 Nov;74(14):1709-15.
*** Phytomedicine, May 2001, pages 230-235.
Organic CASTOR OIL (Ricinus communis) - An evergreen shrub native to western Asia and northeast Africa, it has
been cultivated for more than six thousand years and is primarily used as an external medicinal treatment. In ancient Rome,
the castor oil plant was known as Palma Christi, which translates into “Hand of Christ.” It was a favored remedy among Eclectic
physicians who used it internally as a purgative and externally for wounds, skin conditions and in hot packs. Recent studies
emphasize its use as topical treatment of acute and subchronic inflammation.* It is emollient and exceptionally dense and
sticky, with extensive traditional use as a treatment for ulcers and wounds, and for inflamed, brittle and dry, scaling skin
conditions. It is a particularly valuable addition to barrier creams and ointments, since it creates a meaningful protective barrier
that is maintained until it is physical removed.
*Vieira, Evangelista, Cirillo, Lippi, Maggi, Manzini. Effect of ricinoleic acid in acute and subchronic experimental models of inflammation. Department of
Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche spa, Pomezia Roma, Italy. Mediators of Inflammation, 2000;9(5):223-8.
Organic CHAMOMILE (Matricaria recutita (chamomile) flowers) - References to the medicinal use of chamomile
extend to ancient times, in Egyptian and Greek records. Externally, chamomile is highly recommended for use in skin care
products, to spur wound healing, deter inflammation and soothe generally irritated conditions. The complex pharmacologically
active compounds are water solvent, or are present in the volatile oil, which is present in such small quantities that many acres
of plant material must be distilled to product a small amount of essential oil. Trillium uses oil-maceration of chamomile flowers
that allows the resulting “infused oil” to carry the calming aroma of chamomile without incorporating essential oils that are
inappropriate for infants and may be irritating to the most sensitive skin conditions.
Organic COCOA BUTTER (Theobroma cacao seed butter) - Treasured in Mexico during the time of the Aztec Empire,
its name meant "oil of the Gods." This solid oil, or butter, is cold pressed from cocoa beans- the smooth, red-ripe fruit of the
Chocolate Tree. The butter is has a distinctive "chocolate" smell and is an extraordinarily rich emollient that is useful in
providing nourishment for dry and dehydrated skin. In skin care, it is most effectively utilized as an occlusive barrier agent that
serves to protect injured skin. Recent studies indicate that topical application of cocoa butter has a positive effect on skin
elasticity and increases collagen production.*
*International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2008 Oct;30(5):339-45.
Organic SAPONIFIED COCONUT OIL (Potassium coconate) - Coconut oil results in large bubbles that work into
a frothy lather even in the presence of cold or “hard” mineralized water; too much results in a harsh soap.
Organic COMFREY (Syphytum officinale leaf) - An ancient remedy, comfrey is frequently applied whenever a skin
soothing, mucilaginous medicine is required. It is very similar to marshmallow in its emollient action, and in many cases is even
preferred to it. It is an ingredient in a large number of herbal preparations, with the roots considered to be more effectual than
the leaves. Comfrey contains the chemical allantoin, which is known to promote the growth of new cells. Recent studies confirm
the traditional use of comfrey as an external remedy for sprains, swellings and bruises.* The 2,500 year old reputation of
comfrey as botanical healer is due in part to its capacity to reduce swelling in the immediate neighborhood of fractures, causing
union to take place with greater facility - hence the popular name, knitbone.
* D’Anchise, Bulitta, Giannetti. Comfrey extract ointment in comparison to diclofenac gel in the treatment of acute unilateral ankle sprains (distortions).
Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2007;57(11):712-6.
Organic CRANBERRY OIL (Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) seed oil) - This oil is notably high in antioxidants
which assist in reducing the free radicals that cause oxidative stress, leading to premature aging. Important compounds found
in cranberry oil are tocotrienols, one of the two groups of molecules belonging to the vitamin E family. Research has shown that
tocotrienols are photoprotective, meaning that they protect the skin from damage caused by sunlight.* Cranberry oil is also a
source of Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, and while Omega oils are widely known for their beneficial effects when taken
internally, topical application has also been found to reduce the damage caused by sunlight and improve the integrity of elastin
fibers in the skin. **
*Weber C., Podda M., Rallis M., Thiele J.J., Traber M.G., Packer L., Efficacy of topically applied tocopherols and tocotrienols in protection of murine skin
from oxidative damage induced by UV-irradiation. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley 94720-3200, USA. Free radical
biology and medicine. 1997;22(5):761-9Kim H.H., Cho S., Lee S.,
**Kim K.H., Cho K.H., Eun H.C., Chung J.H., Photoprotective and anti-skin-aging effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in human skin in vivo., Department of
Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Clinical Research Institutes, Seoul National University
Hospital, Seoul National University, Korea.Journal of lipid research, 2006 May;47(5):921-30.
Organic EVENING PRIMROSE OIL (Oenothera biennis seed oil) - Evening primrose oil is rich in GLA (gamma-
linolenic acid), an essential fatty acid that is critical in the regulation of many bodily functions. The essential fatty acids are vital
for cell and body function and cannot be made by the body itself. Taken internally, the prostaglandins that are produced by the
body from GLA help to regulate and reduce menstrual problems and relieve the symptoms of arthritis, eczema, psoriasis and
diseases involving inflammation.* Evening primrose oil is also believed to accelerate wound healing in topical applications, and
is a useful oil for facial treatment, particularly for dry, mature, weather-damaged or scarred tissue.
*Senapati, Banerjee, Gangopadhyay Evening primrose oil is effective in atopic dermatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Department of
Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 2008 Sep-Oct;74(5):447-52.
NATURAL GLYCERIN (Glycerin) - For cosmetic purposes, glycerin can either be produced from propylene alcohol or
derived from animal or vegetable oils. Trillium uses exclusively vegetable derived glycerin, also referred to as glycerol.
It is a sweet, syrupy alcohol that has been used in cosmetics for hundreds of years as a solvent, plasticizer, emollient and
lubricant. Glycerin is a humectant, meaning that it supports dermal moisturization by attracting water to the skin. Recently, a
rigorously controlled study in Germany established the efficacy of glycerin in the treatment of atopic dermatitis via enhancement
of the hydration of the stratum corneum.* It is important to note that products containing glycerin be formulated well in order
to be effective, since excess glycerin may result in the drawing of moisture from the dermis, which causes rather than treats
dryness, and poor formulation may result in dehydration of the skin.
*Breternitz, Kowatzki, Langenauer, Elsner, Fluhr. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, prospective study of a glycerol-based emollient on
eczematous skin in atopic dermatitis: biophysical and clinical evaluation. Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Schiller
University, Jena, Germany. Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 2008;21(1):39-45. Epub 2007 Nov 19.
Wildcrafted GRINDELIA –Grindelia is traditionally used by Native Americans as an external treatment for sores and
“swellings.” In 1882, Grindelia appeared in the US Pharmacopeia, and became favored by Eclectic physicians, who used it both
internally and externally. In Boericke's Materia Medica, written by William Boericke in 1901, grindelia is recommended as a
treatment for a rash with accompanying burning and itching. Today, naturopathic practitioners regard oil-macerated grindelia
extract as useful in the topical treatment of lacerations, poorly healing ulcers, allergic dermatitis, rashes, blisters and
inflammations.*
Grindelia is characterized by a whitish or clear, sticky resin covering the buds, flower heads and leaves, which are the parts
that are used medicinally. The resin contains a number of diterpene acids, grindelic acid being the major resin component.
While resins are insoluble in water, they are highly soluble in hot oil and alcohol.
*Brinker F. Topical uses for Grindelia species J Am Herbalists Guild. 2006;6(2):6-11.
Organic GUAR GUM (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba gum) - Guar gum is extracted from the guar bean, where it acts as a
food and water store. It serves as a natural thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer and viscosity-enhancer that functions across a wide
pH range.
Organic HONEY (Honey) - Honey is widely known to be antibacterial and has been traditionally used as such in wound
care and food preservation in all parts of the world. Until recently this was thought to be due solely to the combination of a
high concentration of sugar and acidity. Now researchers have learned that honey's antibacterial effect is due primarily to
hydrogen peroxide, which researchers say is formed in a "slow-release" manner by the enzyme glucose oxidase present in
honey.
Studies show that the use of honey shortens healing time while avoiding the risks associated with conventional medical
treatments. Antibiotics, for example, cause cell damage, and topical hydrogen peroxide in the standard, high concentration
application causes tissue damage. The moist environment created by honey is not only essential for tissue regeneration, but
also reduces the pain and tissue damage that occurs when dried-out dressings are changed. Honey use is a natural “wet
wound care” treatment, which is shown to reduce scar formation as opposed to “dry wound care” methods.*
In a recent study, topically applied honey effectively killed antibiotic-resistant bacteria and eradicated skin colonization.** In
addition to a potent antibacterial activity, honey has a debriding action, an anti-inflammatory action and a stimulatory effect on
wound healing and tissue recovery.***
*Sare. Leg ulcer management with topical medical honey. University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent. British Journal of Community Nursing,
2008 Sep;13(9):S22, S24, S26 passim.
**Kwakman, et al. Medical-grade honey kills antibiotic-resistant bacteria in vitro and eradicates skin colonization. Department of Medical Microbiology,
Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jun 1;46(11):1677-82.
***Dunford. The use of honey-derived dressings to promote effective wound management. Lecturer in Tissue Viability, School of Midwifery, University of
Southampton, Highfield. Professional Nurse, 2005 Apr;20(8):35-8.
Natural JOJOBA BEADS (Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) wax) - Jojoba wax that is shaped into tiny beads that are
added to non-oil based facial exfoliators to soften and lighten the formula; this ingredient contribute to the creation of a more
gentle exfoliation for acne-prone, sensitive skin.
Organic JOJOBA OIL (Simmondsia chinensis seed oil) - This fine oil is an unusually beautiful, yellow color. Technically
not an oil but a liquid wax, it is the carrier of choice for perfumery because it never oxidizes or becomes rancid. The chemical
structure of jojoba resembles the structure of human sebum, and the latter can dissolve in it, which makes it useful in cases of
acne. Jojoba is excellent for sensitive or oily complexions, but is also good for all skin types and penetrates more easily than
other oils.* It forms a non-greasy layer with exceptional trans-epidermal water control – thereby preventing dehydration of the
skin. Jojoba contains myristic acid, which has anti-inflammatory properties, and studies show that jojoba is an effective topical
anti-inflammatory.** It has also been shown to have bactericidal activity, making it further useful in the treatment of acne,
scalp and hair conditions.
*Mbah, Studies on the lipophilicity of vehicles (or co-vehicles) and botanical oils used in cosmetic products. Pharmazie. 2007 May;62(5):351-3.
**Habashy, Abdel-Naim, Khalifa, Al-Azizi. Anti-inflammatory effects of jojoba liquid wax in experimental models.Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Pharmacological Research, 2005 Feb;51(2):95-105.
Organic SAPONIFIED JOJOBA OIL (Potassium simmondsiate) - Jojoba oil results in an exceptionally mild, light
soap that contributes an amber color to the liquid.
Organic LAVENDER (Lavendula augustifolia (lavender) buds) - Native to the Mediterranean Basin, lavender has
been referred to in medicinal texts as early as the 8th century BCE. The pharmacologically active tannins are water solvent and
may be used as aqueous extracts; the volatile oil may be distilled and collected as essential oil; and the lavender buds may be
oil macerated to achieve a very mild medicinal oil.* Lavender is traditionally used for many varied skin conditions, including
insect bites, burns, inflammation, and for healing small cuts. **
*Keville K, Green M. Aromatherapy: A Complete Guide to the Healing Art. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press; 1995.
**Schnaubelt K. Advanced Aromatherapy: The Science of Essential Oil Therapy. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press; 1998.
Organic OLIVE OIL (Olea europaea oil) - Preparations of olive oil are historically used externally for wound dressing,
and for minor burns and psoriasis. A traditionally remedy that is currently being studied for a variety of beneficial effects is the
combination of olive oil, honey and beeswax. Hydrophilic phenols are the most abundant natural antioxidants of virgin olive
oil, and important biological properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive and anti-cancer) have been
attributed to these phenols in a new study.* Olive oil is a natural source for significant quantities of squalene, which is the
main component of skin surface polyunsaturated lipids. The topical application of squalene is advantageous for the skin as an
emollient and antioxidant, and for hydration and antitumor activities.**
* Servili, Esposto, Fabiani, Urbani, Taticchi, Mariucci, Selvaggini, Montedoro. Phenolic compounds in olive oil: antioxidant, health and organoleptic activities
according to their chemical structure. Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Tecnologie e Biotecnologie degli Alimenti,
Università degli Studi di Perugia. Inflammopharmacology, 2009 Feb 17.
**Huang, Lin, Fang. Biological and pharmacological activities of squalene and related compounds: potential uses in cosmetic dermatology. Pharmaceutics
Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Molecules, 2009 Jan 23;14(1):540-54.
Organic SAPONIFIED OLIVE OIL (Potassium olivate) - Olive oil results in small bubbles that work into a creamy,
luxurious lather that is rich and nourishing to the skin.
Natural POTASSIUM SORBATE (Potassium sorbate) - Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid. It is
a preservative used to prevent the formation of molds and fungi. Originally, Rowan berry extract was used as an additive to
prevent wine from spoiling. Then, in 1859, potassium sorbate was first isolated from the upripe berries of the Rowan tree, in
latin Sorbus aucuparia, hence its name.
Organic SAFFLOWER OIL (Carthamus tinctorius seed oil) - High in linoleic acid content (80%), safflower oil has
superior skin compatibility, is easily absorbed and soothes skin irritations/itchiness. It increases the moisture content of the
skin and is particularly good for sensitive skin. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid which plays a vital role in the health of the
body, and is used to produce prostaglandins. Prostaglandins strengthen cell membranes, and when not enough is produced, it
can cause skin to become dry and wrinkled.
Natural SALT (Sodium chloride) - Salt has been treasured for its healing properties for millenia. At times in history salt
was worth more than gold. Salt has been utilized in food preservation for thousands of years due to its antibacterial,
antiseptic, properties. There are countless sources for, grades of and processes for gathering salt, from rock salt, to mined,
crushed salt, to harvested mineral sea salts. Salt that contains other minerals, while excellent for dissolving into water for
soaking, can have unpredictable or sharp edges. Such coarse grit can damage the skin. The unique form of salt that is used in
Trillium Organic Body Polish is ultra purified and crystallized. All minerals and other contaminants are removed while the sodium
chloride is in an aqueous state. The pure salt water is then sprayed into hot ovens, where it crystallizes in the air, drops, and
is screened for size. Each crystal of salt is a perfect cube. This is important, because there is never a corner sharper than 90
degrees. Organic Body Polish will not harshly scratch skin. The fine crystals also cling to the skin while polishing, yet are easily
rinsed away by water.
Organic SESAME OIL (Sesamum indicum) - African in origin, sesame plants were grown in ancient Egypt, Greece, and
Babylonia, and were cultivated at least four thousand years ago in Mesopotamia. Sesame oil is nutrient dense, high in
polyunsaturated fatty acids, and is a natural antioxidant.* It has been used in the preparation of liniments, ointments and
plasters for external use in China, India, African, the Middle East and North American Colonies.** Due to its natural
antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, sesame seed oil has been used as a healing oil for
thousands of years. *** Ayurvedic medicine promotes the application of the oil to treat acne, keep the skin soft and supple,
tighten facial skin, and help heal minor abrasions. According to Ayurveda, massaging with sesame oil is preferred for the
purpose of nourishing and detoxifying, and for ailments associated with the vata type, such as anxiety, poor circulation and
excessive dryness
*Wood R. The New Whole Foods Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Resource for Healthy Eating. New York, NY: Penguin Putnam Inc; 1999.
**Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Vol. 1. New York: Dover Books; 1971.
***Burden D. Agricultural Marketing Research Center: Sesame Profile. September 09, 2005.
Organic SHEA BUTTER (Butyrospermum parkii fruit) - Shea butter trees are native to and still found exclusively in
West Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Travelers in Africa described shea butter trees as early as the 1300s, and it first
became known to the outside world in the late 1700s when Mungo Park, a 25-year-old Scottish surgeon described the process
of harvesting and pressing shea butter in his book, Travels into the Interior of Africa. Shea butter is used in traditional African
medicine. Today, it is commonly found in cosmetics to protect the skin and is used for a variety of skin conditions including acne,
burns, chapped lips, dry skin, eczema, psoriasis, scars, stretch marks, and wrinkles.*
* Natural Standard Monograph, Copyright © 2008 Natural Standard Inc.
Organic SUNFLOWER OIL (Helianthus annuus seed oil) - This pale yellow oil has a light texture and spreads well,
leaving the skin with a smooth, non-greasy feel. It contains vitamins A, B, D and E, and is high in unsaturated fatty acids,
making it highly absorbable. It has a prophylactic or protective effect on the skin and is beneficial for the treatment of dermal
ulcers, bruises and skin conditions. It is constitutionally similar to olive oil, without the stickiness, heaviness or odor, and is
considered among the finest botanical carriers. Additionally, studies show that sunflower oil is an effective base oil when
combined with phytotherapeutic aqueous extracts in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.*
A series of recent studies show that sunflower oil is specifically valuable as a topical acid-mantle developer and skin-barrier-
function enhancer in babies, and the application of topical sunflower oil to baby skin reduced the incidence of infection by 46%
** and reduced infant mortality in preterm infants by 26%.*** Further studies show that topical application of sunflower oil
reduces the passage of pathogens from the skin surface into the bloodstream of babies by 72%.****
*Lopez, Torres. Indications for sunflower oil concentrate in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Alergólogo-infectólogo, Servicio de alergia del Instituto
Nacional de Pediatria, México. Revista Alergia Mexico, 2006 Nov-Dec;53(6):217-25.
** Darmstadt, Badrawi, Law, Ahmed, Bashir, Iskander, Al Said, El Kholy, Husein, Alam, Winch, Gipson, Santosham. Topically applied sunflower seed oil
prevents invasive bacterial infections in preterm infants in Egypt: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.Department of International Health, Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2004 Aug;23(8):719-25.
***Darmstadt, Saha, Ahmed, Ahmed, Chowdhury, Law, Rosenberg, Black, Santosham. Effect of skin barrier therapy on neonatal mortality rates in preterm
infants in Bangladesh: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial.Department of International Health E8153, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins
University. Pediatrics, 2008 Mar;121(3):522-9.
****Darmstadt, Saha, Ahmed, Choi, Chowdhury, Islam, Law, Ahmed. Effect of topical emollient treatment of preterm neonates in Bangladesh on invasion
of pathogens into the bloodstream.Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Pediatric Research, 2007 May;61(5 Pt 1):588-93.
Natural VITAMIN E OIL (Tocopherol) - The word "vitamin E" is generally not listed on body care labels, since
international cosmetic labeling prohibits the use of the word "vitamin" on the label. Instead, vitamin E is listed as “tocopherol.”
It is a valuable addition to skin care, as an anti-inflammatory that prevents premature aging and protects the skin from
environmental pollution and UV radiation. It also has wound-healing properties* and acts as a permeation enhancer that
facilitates the penetration of other compounds into the skin. Vitamin E is most notably an effective antioxidant, chemically
mediated by the phenolic OH group of the chromane ring, and helps to remove the formed “free radicals” thereby reducing
oxidative degradation by disrupting the chemical chain reaction caused by free radicals. Topical application of vitamin E is also
effective in reducing wrinkles caused by photodamage.** It further helps to prevent trans-epidermal water-loss by the skin,
thus increasing the natural moisture content of the skin. ***
*Taren D.L., Chvapil M., Weber C.W., Increasing the breaking strength of wounds exposed to preoperative irradiation using vitamin E supplementation.
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de
vitaminologie et de nutrition. 1987;57(2):133-7.
**Bissett D.L., Chatterjee R., Hannon D.P., Photoprotective effect of topical anti-inflammatory agents against ultraviolet radiation-induced chronic skin
damage in the hairless mouse. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. 1990 Aug;7(4):153-8
***Panin G., Strumia R., Ursini F., Topical alpha-tocopherol acetate in the bulk phase: eight years of experience in skin treatment. Annals of the New York
Academy of Sciences. 2004 Dec;1031:443-7.
WATER (Distilled water (aqua)) - Water that has been physically processed to remove impurities through the use of
distillation, which involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container, leaving solid contaminants
behind. Properly distilled water is comprised of hydrogen and oxygen molecules, has a pH level of 7, and has no additional
gases, minerals or contaminants.
Organic WITCH HAZEL (Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) extract) - Witch Hazel has a long history of
traditional use in North America, and is among a few select botanicals that has been continuously regarded as a valuable
treatment in over-the-counter preparations since pharmaceutical companies gained control of medicine. Its value has been
scientifically validated, and it is approved by the German Commission E for treatment of minor skin injuries, local inflammation of
skin and mucous membranes, hemorrhoids, and varicose veins.* Additional studies in Germany indicate the use of the
aqueous extract of witch hazel leaf and bark for its anti-inflammatory, hydrating, and barrier-stabilizing effects in dermatitis
maintenance therapy.** As bacterial colonization has a central role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, the antimicrobial
and anti-inflammatory activities of witch hazel combine to provide effective topical treatment of acne and non-specific
aggravated skin conditions.
*The Commission E Monographs, Published August 21, 1985; Revised March 13, 1990
** Gloor, Reichling, Wasik, Holzgang, Antiseptic effect of a topical dermatological formulation that contains Hamamelis distillate and urea. Forsch
Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2002 Jun;9(3):153-9.
XANTHAN GUM (Xanthan gum) - This ingredient is a long chain polysaccharide, composed of the sugars glucose,
mannose, and glucuronic acid. Xanthan is produced by a pure-culture fermentation of a carbohydrate with Xanthomonas
campestris. In cosmetic applications, xanthan gum improves texture while assisting in maintaining other ingredients in
suspension. It is used as a binder, emulsion stabilizer, emulsifying surfactant and an aqueous viscosity-increasing agent.
found throughout the tropics and warmer regions worldwide. Its true origin is unknown, although it is thought to have come
from the Nile region in Sudan. Aloe has been considered a significant medicinal plant for thousands of years across the
Mediterranean, Middle East and North Africa, and was called “the plant of immortality” in Ancient Egypt. Recent studies show
aloe to be more effective in treating UV induced inflammation than a preparation of 1% hydrocortisone gel.* In another recent
study reviewing the use of aloe in dermatological conditions, aloe was found to be effective for genital herpes, psoriasis,
human papiloma virus, seborrheic dermatitis, aphthous stomatitis, xerosis, lichen planus, frostbite, burn, wound healing and
inflammation; and as a biological vehicle and an anti-microbial and antifungal agent. **
*Reutier, Jocher, Stump, Grossjohann, Franke, Schempp. Investigation of the anti-inflammatory potential of Aloe vera gel (97.5%) in the ultraviolet
erythema test. Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2008;21(2):106-10.
Epub 2008 Feb 5.
**Feily, Namazi. Aloe vera in dermatology: a brief review. Department of Dermatology, Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Giornale
Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia 2009 Feb;144(1):85-91
Organic BEESWAX (Cera flava) - Some of civilization’s earliest records tell us that people from all parts of the world
have used beeswax as an antiseptic and for wound healing since ancient times. Beeswax is one of nature’s most useful
ingredients for skincare. It is a thickener, an emulsifier, and humectant. It has emollient, soothing and softening properties and
helps the skin retain moisture. It is sometimes incorrectly believed to be comedogenic (causing or aggravating acne) whereas
beeswax actually has a comedogenicity rating of 0 - 2, which means that when properly used, beeswax does not promote the
formation of acne or pimples. Recent studies show that beeswax is useful in combination with oils to provide an occlusive layer
that reduces SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate) induced irritation.*
*Zhai, Willard, Maiback. Evaluating skin-protective materials against contact irritants and allergens. An in vivo screening human model. Department of
Dermatology, University of California, School of Medicine. Contact Dermatitis, 1998 Mar;38(3):155-8.
Organic CALENDULA (Calendula officinalis flowers) - Calendula is chiefly used as a topical remedy. It is widely
considered a gentle, yet potent vulnerary, effective in the treatment of irritation, dryness, inflammation and scaling conditions.
A maceration of the resinous calendula flowers in oil is traditionally regarded to be a most useful remedy for wounds, ulcers,
bedsores and rashes. Contemporary references specify the active properties of calendula as anti-inflammatory, styptic,
antiseptic, anti-hemorrhagic and recommend its use in the treatment of inflamed cutaneous lesions as well as slow-healing
wounds and bruising.* Additional recent study evidences the antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of oleanolic acid and its
glycosides isolated from Calendula officinalis.** The main constituents are volatile oil, saponins, flavonoids, clendulin, sterols,
fatty acids, calendic acid, oleanic acid, triterpenoids, tocopherols and flavonol glycosides. It has been shown that calendula
stimulates the regeneration of wound tissue by increasing the metabolism of glycoproteins, nucleoproteins and collagen during
the healing process.***
*European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, October-December 1999, pages 303-308.
** Szakiel, Ruszkowski, Grudniak, Kurek, Wolska, Doligalska, Janiszowska. Antibacterial and antiparasitic activity of oleanolic acid and
its glycosides isolated from marigold (Calendula officinalis). Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Planta
Medica. 2008 Nov;74(14):1709-15.
*** Phytomedicine, May 2001, pages 230-235.
Organic CASTOR OIL (Ricinus communis) - An evergreen shrub native to western Asia and northeast Africa, it has
been cultivated for more than six thousand years and is primarily used as an external medicinal treatment. In ancient Rome,
the castor oil plant was known as Palma Christi, which translates into “Hand of Christ.” It was a favored remedy among Eclectic
physicians who used it internally as a purgative and externally for wounds, skin conditions and in hot packs. Recent studies
emphasize its use as topical treatment of acute and subchronic inflammation.* It is emollient and exceptionally dense and
sticky, with extensive traditional use as a treatment for ulcers and wounds, and for inflamed, brittle and dry, scaling skin
conditions. It is a particularly valuable addition to barrier creams and ointments, since it creates a meaningful protective barrier
that is maintained until it is physical removed.
*Vieira, Evangelista, Cirillo, Lippi, Maggi, Manzini. Effect of ricinoleic acid in acute and subchronic experimental models of inflammation. Department of
Pharmacology, Menarini Ricerche spa, Pomezia Roma, Italy. Mediators of Inflammation, 2000;9(5):223-8.
Organic CHAMOMILE (Matricaria recutita (chamomile) flowers) - References to the medicinal use of chamomile
extend to ancient times, in Egyptian and Greek records. Externally, chamomile is highly recommended for use in skin care
products, to spur wound healing, deter inflammation and soothe generally irritated conditions. The complex pharmacologically
active compounds are water solvent, or are present in the volatile oil, which is present in such small quantities that many acres
of plant material must be distilled to product a small amount of essential oil. Trillium uses oil-maceration of chamomile flowers
that allows the resulting “infused oil” to carry the calming aroma of chamomile without incorporating essential oils that are
inappropriate for infants and may be irritating to the most sensitive skin conditions.
Organic COCOA BUTTER (Theobroma cacao seed butter) - Treasured in Mexico during the time of the Aztec Empire,
its name meant "oil of the Gods." This solid oil, or butter, is cold pressed from cocoa beans- the smooth, red-ripe fruit of the
Chocolate Tree. The butter is has a distinctive "chocolate" smell and is an extraordinarily rich emollient that is useful in
providing nourishment for dry and dehydrated skin. In skin care, it is most effectively utilized as an occlusive barrier agent that
serves to protect injured skin. Recent studies indicate that topical application of cocoa butter has a positive effect on skin
elasticity and increases collagen production.*
*International Journal of Cosmetic Science. 2008 Oct;30(5):339-45.
Organic SAPONIFIED COCONUT OIL (Potassium coconate) - Coconut oil results in large bubbles that work into
a frothy lather even in the presence of cold or “hard” mineralized water; too much results in a harsh soap.
Organic COMFREY (Syphytum officinale leaf) - An ancient remedy, comfrey is frequently applied whenever a skin
soothing, mucilaginous medicine is required. It is very similar to marshmallow in its emollient action, and in many cases is even
preferred to it. It is an ingredient in a large number of herbal preparations, with the roots considered to be more effectual than
the leaves. Comfrey contains the chemical allantoin, which is known to promote the growth of new cells. Recent studies confirm
the traditional use of comfrey as an external remedy for sprains, swellings and bruises.* The 2,500 year old reputation of
comfrey as botanical healer is due in part to its capacity to reduce swelling in the immediate neighborhood of fractures, causing
union to take place with greater facility - hence the popular name, knitbone.
* D’Anchise, Bulitta, Giannetti. Comfrey extract ointment in comparison to diclofenac gel in the treatment of acute unilateral ankle sprains (distortions).
Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2007;57(11):712-6.
Organic CRANBERRY OIL (Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) seed oil) - This oil is notably high in antioxidants
which assist in reducing the free radicals that cause oxidative stress, leading to premature aging. Important compounds found
in cranberry oil are tocotrienols, one of the two groups of molecules belonging to the vitamin E family. Research has shown that
tocotrienols are photoprotective, meaning that they protect the skin from damage caused by sunlight.* Cranberry oil is also a
source of Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids, and while Omega oils are widely known for their beneficial effects when taken
internally, topical application has also been found to reduce the damage caused by sunlight and improve the integrity of elastin
fibers in the skin. **
*Weber C., Podda M., Rallis M., Thiele J.J., Traber M.G., Packer L., Efficacy of topically applied tocopherols and tocotrienols in protection of murine skin
from oxidative damage induced by UV-irradiation. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley 94720-3200, USA. Free radical
biology and medicine. 1997;22(5):761-9Kim H.H., Cho S., Lee S.,
**Kim K.H., Cho K.H., Eun H.C., Chung J.H., Photoprotective and anti-skin-aging effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in human skin in vivo., Department of
Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Clinical Research Institutes, Seoul National University
Hospital, Seoul National University, Korea.Journal of lipid research, 2006 May;47(5):921-30.
Organic EVENING PRIMROSE OIL (Oenothera biennis seed oil) - Evening primrose oil is rich in GLA (gamma-
linolenic acid), an essential fatty acid that is critical in the regulation of many bodily functions. The essential fatty acids are vital
for cell and body function and cannot be made by the body itself. Taken internally, the prostaglandins that are produced by the
body from GLA help to regulate and reduce menstrual problems and relieve the symptoms of arthritis, eczema, psoriasis and
diseases involving inflammation.* Evening primrose oil is also believed to accelerate wound healing in topical applications, and
is a useful oil for facial treatment, particularly for dry, mature, weather-damaged or scarred tissue.
*Senapati, Banerjee, Gangopadhyay Evening primrose oil is effective in atopic dermatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Department of
Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 2008 Sep-Oct;74(5):447-52.
NATURAL GLYCERIN (Glycerin) - For cosmetic purposes, glycerin can either be produced from propylene alcohol or
derived from animal or vegetable oils. Trillium uses exclusively vegetable derived glycerin, also referred to as glycerol.
It is a sweet, syrupy alcohol that has been used in cosmetics for hundreds of years as a solvent, plasticizer, emollient and
lubricant. Glycerin is a humectant, meaning that it supports dermal moisturization by attracting water to the skin. Recently, a
rigorously controlled study in Germany established the efficacy of glycerin in the treatment of atopic dermatitis via enhancement
of the hydration of the stratum corneum.* It is important to note that products containing glycerin be formulated well in order
to be effective, since excess glycerin may result in the drawing of moisture from the dermis, which causes rather than treats
dryness, and poor formulation may result in dehydration of the skin.
*Breternitz, Kowatzki, Langenauer, Elsner, Fluhr. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, prospective study of a glycerol-based emollient on
eczematous skin in atopic dermatitis: biophysical and clinical evaluation. Skin Physiology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Schiller
University, Jena, Germany. Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 2008;21(1):39-45. Epub 2007 Nov 19.
Wildcrafted GRINDELIA –Grindelia is traditionally used by Native Americans as an external treatment for sores and
“swellings.” In 1882, Grindelia appeared in the US Pharmacopeia, and became favored by Eclectic physicians, who used it both
internally and externally. In Boericke's Materia Medica, written by William Boericke in 1901, grindelia is recommended as a
treatment for a rash with accompanying burning and itching. Today, naturopathic practitioners regard oil-macerated grindelia
extract as useful in the topical treatment of lacerations, poorly healing ulcers, allergic dermatitis, rashes, blisters and
inflammations.*
Grindelia is characterized by a whitish or clear, sticky resin covering the buds, flower heads and leaves, which are the parts
that are used medicinally. The resin contains a number of diterpene acids, grindelic acid being the major resin component.
While resins are insoluble in water, they are highly soluble in hot oil and alcohol.
*Brinker F. Topical uses for Grindelia species J Am Herbalists Guild. 2006;6(2):6-11.
Organic GUAR GUM (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba gum) - Guar gum is extracted from the guar bean, where it acts as a
food and water store. It serves as a natural thickener, emulsifier, stabilizer and viscosity-enhancer that functions across a wide
pH range.
Organic HONEY (Honey) - Honey is widely known to be antibacterial and has been traditionally used as such in wound
care and food preservation in all parts of the world. Until recently this was thought to be due solely to the combination of a
high concentration of sugar and acidity. Now researchers have learned that honey's antibacterial effect is due primarily to
hydrogen peroxide, which researchers say is formed in a "slow-release" manner by the enzyme glucose oxidase present in
honey.
Studies show that the use of honey shortens healing time while avoiding the risks associated with conventional medical
treatments. Antibiotics, for example, cause cell damage, and topical hydrogen peroxide in the standard, high concentration
application causes tissue damage. The moist environment created by honey is not only essential for tissue regeneration, but
also reduces the pain and tissue damage that occurs when dried-out dressings are changed. Honey use is a natural “wet
wound care” treatment, which is shown to reduce scar formation as opposed to “dry wound care” methods.*
In a recent study, topically applied honey effectively killed antibiotic-resistant bacteria and eradicated skin colonization.** In
addition to a potent antibacterial activity, honey has a debriding action, an anti-inflammatory action and a stimulatory effect on
wound healing and tissue recovery.***
*Sare. Leg ulcer management with topical medical honey. University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent. British Journal of Community Nursing,
2008 Sep;13(9):S22, S24, S26 passim.
**Kwakman, et al. Medical-grade honey kills antibiotic-resistant bacteria in vitro and eradicates skin colonization. Department of Medical Microbiology,
Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jun 1;46(11):1677-82.
***Dunford. The use of honey-derived dressings to promote effective wound management. Lecturer in Tissue Viability, School of Midwifery, University of
Southampton, Highfield. Professional Nurse, 2005 Apr;20(8):35-8.
Natural JOJOBA BEADS (Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) wax) - Jojoba wax that is shaped into tiny beads that are
added to non-oil based facial exfoliators to soften and lighten the formula; this ingredient contribute to the creation of a more
gentle exfoliation for acne-prone, sensitive skin.
Organic JOJOBA OIL (Simmondsia chinensis seed oil) - This fine oil is an unusually beautiful, yellow color. Technically
not an oil but a liquid wax, it is the carrier of choice for perfumery because it never oxidizes or becomes rancid. The chemical
structure of jojoba resembles the structure of human sebum, and the latter can dissolve in it, which makes it useful in cases of
acne. Jojoba is excellent for sensitive or oily complexions, but is also good for all skin types and penetrates more easily than
other oils.* It forms a non-greasy layer with exceptional trans-epidermal water control – thereby preventing dehydration of the
skin. Jojoba contains myristic acid, which has anti-inflammatory properties, and studies show that jojoba is an effective topical
anti-inflammatory.** It has also been shown to have bactericidal activity, making it further useful in the treatment of acne,
scalp and hair conditions.
*Mbah, Studies on the lipophilicity of vehicles (or co-vehicles) and botanical oils used in cosmetic products. Pharmazie. 2007 May;62(5):351-3.
**Habashy, Abdel-Naim, Khalifa, Al-Azizi. Anti-inflammatory effects of jojoba liquid wax in experimental models.Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Pharmacological Research, 2005 Feb;51(2):95-105.
Organic SAPONIFIED JOJOBA OIL (Potassium simmondsiate) - Jojoba oil results in an exceptionally mild, light
soap that contributes an amber color to the liquid.
Organic LAVENDER (Lavendula augustifolia (lavender) buds) - Native to the Mediterranean Basin, lavender has
been referred to in medicinal texts as early as the 8th century BCE. The pharmacologically active tannins are water solvent and
may be used as aqueous extracts; the volatile oil may be distilled and collected as essential oil; and the lavender buds may be
oil macerated to achieve a very mild medicinal oil.* Lavender is traditionally used for many varied skin conditions, including
insect bites, burns, inflammation, and for healing small cuts. **
*Keville K, Green M. Aromatherapy: A Complete Guide to the Healing Art. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press; 1995.
**Schnaubelt K. Advanced Aromatherapy: The Science of Essential Oil Therapy. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press; 1998.
Organic OLIVE OIL (Olea europaea oil) - Preparations of olive oil are historically used externally for wound dressing,
and for minor burns and psoriasis. A traditionally remedy that is currently being studied for a variety of beneficial effects is the
combination of olive oil, honey and beeswax. Hydrophilic phenols are the most abundant natural antioxidants of virgin olive
oil, and important biological properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive and anti-cancer) have been
attributed to these phenols in a new study.* Olive oil is a natural source for significant quantities of squalene, which is the
main component of skin surface polyunsaturated lipids. The topical application of squalene is advantageous for the skin as an
emollient and antioxidant, and for hydration and antitumor activities.**
* Servili, Esposto, Fabiani, Urbani, Taticchi, Mariucci, Selvaggini, Montedoro. Phenolic compounds in olive oil: antioxidant, health and organoleptic activities
according to their chemical structure. Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Tecnologie e Biotecnologie degli Alimenti,
Università degli Studi di Perugia. Inflammopharmacology, 2009 Feb 17.
**Huang, Lin, Fang. Biological and pharmacological activities of squalene and related compounds: potential uses in cosmetic dermatology. Pharmaceutics
Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Molecules, 2009 Jan 23;14(1):540-54.
Organic SAPONIFIED OLIVE OIL (Potassium olivate) - Olive oil results in small bubbles that work into a creamy,
luxurious lather that is rich and nourishing to the skin.
Natural POTASSIUM SORBATE (Potassium sorbate) - Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid. It is
a preservative used to prevent the formation of molds and fungi. Originally, Rowan berry extract was used as an additive to
prevent wine from spoiling. Then, in 1859, potassium sorbate was first isolated from the upripe berries of the Rowan tree, in
latin Sorbus aucuparia, hence its name.
Organic SAFFLOWER OIL (Carthamus tinctorius seed oil) - High in linoleic acid content (80%), safflower oil has
superior skin compatibility, is easily absorbed and soothes skin irritations/itchiness. It increases the moisture content of the
skin and is particularly good for sensitive skin. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid which plays a vital role in the health of the
body, and is used to produce prostaglandins. Prostaglandins strengthen cell membranes, and when not enough is produced, it
can cause skin to become dry and wrinkled.
Natural SALT (Sodium chloride) - Salt has been treasured for its healing properties for millenia. At times in history salt
was worth more than gold. Salt has been utilized in food preservation for thousands of years due to its antibacterial,
antiseptic, properties. There are countless sources for, grades of and processes for gathering salt, from rock salt, to mined,
crushed salt, to harvested mineral sea salts. Salt that contains other minerals, while excellent for dissolving into water for
soaking, can have unpredictable or sharp edges. Such coarse grit can damage the skin. The unique form of salt that is used in
Trillium Organic Body Polish is ultra purified and crystallized. All minerals and other contaminants are removed while the sodium
chloride is in an aqueous state. The pure salt water is then sprayed into hot ovens, where it crystallizes in the air, drops, and
is screened for size. Each crystal of salt is a perfect cube. This is important, because there is never a corner sharper than 90
degrees. Organic Body Polish will not harshly scratch skin. The fine crystals also cling to the skin while polishing, yet are easily
rinsed away by water.
Organic SESAME OIL (Sesamum indicum) - African in origin, sesame plants were grown in ancient Egypt, Greece, and
Babylonia, and were cultivated at least four thousand years ago in Mesopotamia. Sesame oil is nutrient dense, high in
polyunsaturated fatty acids, and is a natural antioxidant.* It has been used in the preparation of liniments, ointments and
plasters for external use in China, India, African, the Middle East and North American Colonies.** Due to its natural
antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, sesame seed oil has been used as a healing oil for
thousands of years. *** Ayurvedic medicine promotes the application of the oil to treat acne, keep the skin soft and supple,
tighten facial skin, and help heal minor abrasions. According to Ayurveda, massaging with sesame oil is preferred for the
purpose of nourishing and detoxifying, and for ailments associated with the vata type, such as anxiety, poor circulation and
excessive dryness
*Wood R. The New Whole Foods Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Resource for Healthy Eating. New York, NY: Penguin Putnam Inc; 1999.
**Grieve M. A Modern Herbal. Vol. 1. New York: Dover Books; 1971.
***Burden D. Agricultural Marketing Research Center: Sesame Profile. September 09, 2005.
Organic SHEA BUTTER (Butyrospermum parkii fruit) - Shea butter trees are native to and still found exclusively in
West Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Travelers in Africa described shea butter trees as early as the 1300s, and it first
became known to the outside world in the late 1700s when Mungo Park, a 25-year-old Scottish surgeon described the process
of harvesting and pressing shea butter in his book, Travels into the Interior of Africa. Shea butter is used in traditional African
medicine. Today, it is commonly found in cosmetics to protect the skin and is used for a variety of skin conditions including acne,
burns, chapped lips, dry skin, eczema, psoriasis, scars, stretch marks, and wrinkles.*
* Natural Standard Monograph, Copyright © 2008 Natural Standard Inc.
Organic SUNFLOWER OIL (Helianthus annuus seed oil) - This pale yellow oil has a light texture and spreads well,
leaving the skin with a smooth, non-greasy feel. It contains vitamins A, B, D and E, and is high in unsaturated fatty acids,
making it highly absorbable. It has a prophylactic or protective effect on the skin and is beneficial for the treatment of dermal
ulcers, bruises and skin conditions. It is constitutionally similar to olive oil, without the stickiness, heaviness or odor, and is
considered among the finest botanical carriers. Additionally, studies show that sunflower oil is an effective base oil when
combined with phytotherapeutic aqueous extracts in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.*
A series of recent studies show that sunflower oil is specifically valuable as a topical acid-mantle developer and skin-barrier-
function enhancer in babies, and the application of topical sunflower oil to baby skin reduced the incidence of infection by 46%
** and reduced infant mortality in preterm infants by 26%.*** Further studies show that topical application of sunflower oil
reduces the passage of pathogens from the skin surface into the bloodstream of babies by 72%.****
*Lopez, Torres. Indications for sunflower oil concentrate in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Alergólogo-infectólogo, Servicio de alergia del Instituto
Nacional de Pediatria, México. Revista Alergia Mexico, 2006 Nov-Dec;53(6):217-25.
** Darmstadt, Badrawi, Law, Ahmed, Bashir, Iskander, Al Said, El Kholy, Husein, Alam, Winch, Gipson, Santosham. Topically applied sunflower seed oil
prevents invasive bacterial infections in preterm infants in Egypt: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.Department of International Health, Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2004 Aug;23(8):719-25.
***Darmstadt, Saha, Ahmed, Ahmed, Chowdhury, Law, Rosenberg, Black, Santosham. Effect of skin barrier therapy on neonatal mortality rates in preterm
infants in Bangladesh: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial.Department of International Health E8153, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins
University. Pediatrics, 2008 Mar;121(3):522-9.
****Darmstadt, Saha, Ahmed, Choi, Chowdhury, Islam, Law, Ahmed. Effect of topical emollient treatment of preterm neonates in Bangladesh on invasion
of pathogens into the bloodstream.Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Pediatric Research, 2007 May;61(5 Pt 1):588-93.
Natural VITAMIN E OIL (Tocopherol) - The word "vitamin E" is generally not listed on body care labels, since
international cosmetic labeling prohibits the use of the word "vitamin" on the label. Instead, vitamin E is listed as “tocopherol.”
It is a valuable addition to skin care, as an anti-inflammatory that prevents premature aging and protects the skin from
environmental pollution and UV radiation. It also has wound-healing properties* and acts as a permeation enhancer that
facilitates the penetration of other compounds into the skin. Vitamin E is most notably an effective antioxidant, chemically
mediated by the phenolic OH group of the chromane ring, and helps to remove the formed “free radicals” thereby reducing
oxidative degradation by disrupting the chemical chain reaction caused by free radicals. Topical application of vitamin E is also
effective in reducing wrinkles caused by photodamage.** It further helps to prevent trans-epidermal water-loss by the skin,
thus increasing the natural moisture content of the skin. ***
*Taren D.L., Chvapil M., Weber C.W., Increasing the breaking strength of wounds exposed to preoperative irradiation using vitamin E supplementation.
International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Vitamin- und Ernährungsforschung. Journal international de
vitaminologie et de nutrition. 1987;57(2):133-7.
**Bissett D.L., Chatterjee R., Hannon D.P., Photoprotective effect of topical anti-inflammatory agents against ultraviolet radiation-induced chronic skin
damage in the hairless mouse. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. 1990 Aug;7(4):153-8
***Panin G., Strumia R., Ursini F., Topical alpha-tocopherol acetate in the bulk phase: eight years of experience in skin treatment. Annals of the New York
Academy of Sciences. 2004 Dec;1031:443-7.
WATER (Distilled water (aqua)) - Water that has been physically processed to remove impurities through the use of
distillation, which involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container, leaving solid contaminants
behind. Properly distilled water is comprised of hydrogen and oxygen molecules, has a pH level of 7, and has no additional
gases, minerals or contaminants.
Organic WITCH HAZEL (Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) extract) - Witch Hazel has a long history of
traditional use in North America, and is among a few select botanicals that has been continuously regarded as a valuable
treatment in over-the-counter preparations since pharmaceutical companies gained control of medicine. Its value has been
scientifically validated, and it is approved by the German Commission E for treatment of minor skin injuries, local inflammation of
skin and mucous membranes, hemorrhoids, and varicose veins.* Additional studies in Germany indicate the use of the
aqueous extract of witch hazel leaf and bark for its anti-inflammatory, hydrating, and barrier-stabilizing effects in dermatitis
maintenance therapy.** As bacterial colonization has a central role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, the antimicrobial
and anti-inflammatory activities of witch hazel combine to provide effective topical treatment of acne and non-specific
aggravated skin conditions.
*The Commission E Monographs, Published August 21, 1985; Revised March 13, 1990
** Gloor, Reichling, Wasik, Holzgang, Antiseptic effect of a topical dermatological formulation that contains Hamamelis distillate and urea. Forsch
Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2002 Jun;9(3):153-9.
XANTHAN GUM (Xanthan gum) - This ingredient is a long chain polysaccharide, composed of the sugars glucose,
mannose, and glucuronic acid. Xanthan is produced by a pure-culture fermentation of a carbohydrate with Xanthomonas
campestris. In cosmetic applications, xanthan gum improves texture while assisting in maintaining other ingredients in
suspension. It is used as a binder, emulsion stabilizer, emulsifying surfactant and an aqueous viscosity-increasing agent.
| AROMATHERAPY ESSENTIAL OILS |
CEDARLEAF
(Thuja occidentalis)
Aromatic Description:
Evergreen, woody, fruity
Indications: Vapors open
the sinus and breathing
passages; eases chest
congestion. Calming;
relieves anxiety and
nervous tension. Loosens
tight muscles lessens pain.
Improves mental clarity.
Counter indications:
Emmenagogue; not to be
used when pregnant of
breastfeeding.
CHAMOMILE
(Matricaria recutita)
Aromatic Description:
Sweet, fruity, earthy,
herbaceous
Indications: Calming;
promotes a restful sleep.
Used externally for
inflammatory skin
conditions such as contact
dermatitis (rash), eczema,
wounds and insect bites
CINNAMON
(Cinnamomum
zeylanicum)
Aromatic Description:
Earthy, spicy, peppery,
bright, woody
Indications: Heating;
improves circulation,
Purifying; helps in the
removal of cellulite. Mood
uplifting; Helps to relieve a
fatigued state and reduce
stress.
CLEMENTINE
(Citrus reticulate)
Aromatic Description:
Sweet, bright, citrus, sharp,
floral
Indications: Used
externally as a disinfectant
CLOVE
(Eugenia caryophyllus)
Aromatic Description:
Spicy, warm, bitter, woody
Indications: Vapors open
the sinus and breathing
passages. Mood uplifting,;
aphrodisiac, reviving,
mental stimulant, improves
mental clarity and memory.
EUCALYPTUS
(Eucalyptus globulus,
Eucalyptus radiata)
Aromatic Description:
Medicinal, fresh, airy,
heady, camphorous
Indications: Used
externally for bacterial
inflammations of the skin;
as an environmental
inhalant in the conditions of
colds, influenza and sinus
infections. Vapors open the
sinus and breathing
passages. Application to
the chest area can assist in
the clearing of mucous from
the lungs. Refreshing
reviving, energizing,
improves mental clarity and
alertness.
NOTE: Eucalyptus radiata
is considered to be gentler
that Eucalyptus globulus,
Trillium uses Eucalyptus
globulus, OGbaby uses
Eucalyptus radiata.
CAUTION: Newborn skin
can be too sensitive for the
application of essential oils
directly to the chest. If
the respiratory rub makes
the skin red, apply the rub
to mama's skin and allow
baby to breathe in the
vapors while being cuddled.
FIR NEEDLE
(Abies balsamea)
Aromatic Description:
Fresh, evergreen, sweet
Indications: Purifying,
removes lymphatic deposits
from the body, helps in the
reduction of cellulite.
Reduces and soothe
swollen tissues and muscle
aches, caused by
rheumatism and arthritis.
Vapors open sinus and
breathing passages,
deepens the breathing.
Mood Uplifting.
GERANIUM
(Pelargonium graveolens)
Aromatic Description:
Floral, fresh, sweet, green
Indications: Calming to the
nervous system in small
amounts, reduces tension.
Stimulates adrenal glands.
Lessens pain and
inflammation. Disinfectant;
used externally as a mild
anti-bacterial and
anti-fungal for skin
conditions; as a tonic
astringent for the skin.
Calming and centering:
used as an environmental
inhalant for anxiety,
agitation and nervous
fatigue.
GINGER
(Zingiber officinale)
Aromatic Description: Hot,
spicy, sweet
Indications: General
stimulant to the entire
body. Circulatory
Stimulant. Mood uplifting,
improves mental clarity and
memory. Relieves aches
and pains. Disinfectant.
GRAPEFRUIT
(Citrus paradise)
Aromatic Description:
Citrusy, floral, fruity
Indications: Purifying,
reduced cellulite and
obesity by balancing the
fluids in the body. Reduces
stress. Mood uplifting,
refreshing, reviving,
improves mental clarity and
awareness, sharpens the
senses. Cooling.
LAVENDER
(Lavendula augustifolia)
Aromatic Description:
Floral, fresh, sweet,
herbaceous
Indications: Calming and
strengthening to the
nerves, relaxes the
muscles, lessens tensions:
promotes a restful sleep.
Lessens aches and pains,
gently removes fluid
retention. Used externally
as an antiseptic,
anti-inflammatory in skin
conditions such as acne,
burns and topical dermatitis
(rash); as an environmental
inhalant for depression and
anxiety. Healing to the
skin; bruises, cuts,
wounds, burns, sunburns,
scars, sores, insect bites,
and injuries.
LIME
(Citrus aurantifolia)
Aromatic Description:
Fresh, citrusy, tart, sweet
Indications: Cooling
Strengthens the nerves
when there is weakness in
the body. Mood uplifting,
refreshing and reviving,
improves mental clarity and
alertness, sharpens the
senses. Used externally as
a disinfectant, soothing to
insert bites.
NOTE: We use Lime oil
which has been rectified to
remove the Phototoxic
aspect, Furo Coumarin. In
other words, our products
will NOT cause you to burn
in the sun more readily.
NEROLI
(Citrus aurantium amara)
Aromatic Description:
Intensely floral, exotic,
sweet, citrusy
Indications: Used topically
as an anti-infective in skin
conditions. Mood uplifting,
boosts confidence, helps to
face emotional fear. Calms
nervous tension, relaxes
hyperactive children,
promotes a restful sleep.
PEPPERMINT
(Mentha piperita)
Aromatic Description:
Minty, hot, herbaceous
Indications: Used
externally as a disinfectant;
as an environmental
inhalant for migraine, sinus
infection, senility and high
fever. Mood uplifting,
especially for people with
slow metabolism, increase
mental clarity and
alertness, and the ability to
concentrate, sharpens the
senses. Opens breathing
passages, deepens
breathing.
ROSEMARY
(Rosmarinus officinalis)
Aromatic Description:
Fresh, herbaceous, sweet,
medicinal
Indications: Used
externally for relief of
aching and fatigued
muscles. Warming,
improves circulation.
Purifying, removes cellulite
and lymphatic deposits out
of the body. Mood uplifting,
stimulates the nerves,
metabolism. Refreshing;
improves mental clarity,
alertness, and the memory.
Vapors are cleansing and
disinfecting, excellent
respiratory support.
SAGE
(Salvia officinalis)
Aromatic Description:
Herbacous, camphorous,
fresh
Indications: Used
externally as a potent
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal
and anti-viral in skin care.
Suppresses perspiration.
Reduces stress, Improves
circulation. Relaxes sore
muscles, lessens aches,
pains, and menstrual pain.
Used for general
weakness. Suppresses
lactation.
TEA TREE OIL
(Melaleuca alternifolia)
Aromatic Description:
Medicinal, fresh, herbaceous
Indications: Used
externally as a germicidal,
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal,
anti-viral, and healing in
skin care applications.
Soothing to insect bites.
Vapors open sinus and
breathing passages. Mood
uplifting; reviving, improves
mental clarity.
(Thuja occidentalis)
Aromatic Description:
Evergreen, woody, fruity
Indications: Vapors open
the sinus and breathing
passages; eases chest
congestion. Calming;
relieves anxiety and
nervous tension. Loosens
tight muscles lessens pain.
Improves mental clarity.
Counter indications:
Emmenagogue; not to be
used when pregnant of
breastfeeding.
CHAMOMILE
(Matricaria recutita)
Aromatic Description:
Sweet, fruity, earthy,
herbaceous
Indications: Calming;
promotes a restful sleep.
Used externally for
inflammatory skin
conditions such as contact
dermatitis (rash), eczema,
wounds and insect bites
CINNAMON
(Cinnamomum
zeylanicum)
Aromatic Description:
Earthy, spicy, peppery,
bright, woody
Indications: Heating;
improves circulation,
Purifying; helps in the
removal of cellulite. Mood
uplifting; Helps to relieve a
fatigued state and reduce
stress.
CLEMENTINE
(Citrus reticulate)
Aromatic Description:
Sweet, bright, citrus, sharp,
floral
Indications: Used
externally as a disinfectant
CLOVE
(Eugenia caryophyllus)
Aromatic Description:
Spicy, warm, bitter, woody
Indications: Vapors open
the sinus and breathing
passages. Mood uplifting,;
aphrodisiac, reviving,
mental stimulant, improves
mental clarity and memory.
EUCALYPTUS
(Eucalyptus globulus,
Eucalyptus radiata)
Aromatic Description:
Medicinal, fresh, airy,
heady, camphorous
Indications: Used
externally for bacterial
inflammations of the skin;
as an environmental
inhalant in the conditions of
colds, influenza and sinus
infections. Vapors open the
sinus and breathing
passages. Application to
the chest area can assist in
the clearing of mucous from
the lungs. Refreshing
reviving, energizing,
improves mental clarity and
alertness.
NOTE: Eucalyptus radiata
is considered to be gentler
that Eucalyptus globulus,
Trillium uses Eucalyptus
globulus, OGbaby uses
Eucalyptus radiata.
CAUTION: Newborn skin
can be too sensitive for the
application of essential oils
directly to the chest. If
the respiratory rub makes
the skin red, apply the rub
to mama's skin and allow
baby to breathe in the
vapors while being cuddled.
FIR NEEDLE
(Abies balsamea)
Aromatic Description:
Fresh, evergreen, sweet
Indications: Purifying,
removes lymphatic deposits
from the body, helps in the
reduction of cellulite.
Reduces and soothe
swollen tissues and muscle
aches, caused by
rheumatism and arthritis.
Vapors open sinus and
breathing passages,
deepens the breathing.
Mood Uplifting.
GERANIUM
(Pelargonium graveolens)
Aromatic Description:
Floral, fresh, sweet, green
Indications: Calming to the
nervous system in small
amounts, reduces tension.
Stimulates adrenal glands.
Lessens pain and
inflammation. Disinfectant;
used externally as a mild
anti-bacterial and
anti-fungal for skin
conditions; as a tonic
astringent for the skin.
Calming and centering:
used as an environmental
inhalant for anxiety,
agitation and nervous
fatigue.
GINGER
(Zingiber officinale)
Aromatic Description: Hot,
spicy, sweet
Indications: General
stimulant to the entire
body. Circulatory
Stimulant. Mood uplifting,
improves mental clarity and
memory. Relieves aches
and pains. Disinfectant.
GRAPEFRUIT
(Citrus paradise)
Aromatic Description:
Citrusy, floral, fruity
Indications: Purifying,
reduced cellulite and
obesity by balancing the
fluids in the body. Reduces
stress. Mood uplifting,
refreshing, reviving,
improves mental clarity and
awareness, sharpens the
senses. Cooling.
LAVENDER
(Lavendula augustifolia)
Aromatic Description:
Floral, fresh, sweet,
herbaceous
Indications: Calming and
strengthening to the
nerves, relaxes the
muscles, lessens tensions:
promotes a restful sleep.
Lessens aches and pains,
gently removes fluid
retention. Used externally
as an antiseptic,
anti-inflammatory in skin
conditions such as acne,
burns and topical dermatitis
(rash); as an environmental
inhalant for depression and
anxiety. Healing to the
skin; bruises, cuts,
wounds, burns, sunburns,
scars, sores, insect bites,
and injuries.
LIME
(Citrus aurantifolia)
Aromatic Description:
Fresh, citrusy, tart, sweet
Indications: Cooling
Strengthens the nerves
when there is weakness in
the body. Mood uplifting,
refreshing and reviving,
improves mental clarity and
alertness, sharpens the
senses. Used externally as
a disinfectant, soothing to
insert bites.
NOTE: We use Lime oil
which has been rectified to
remove the Phototoxic
aspect, Furo Coumarin. In
other words, our products
will NOT cause you to burn
in the sun more readily.
NEROLI
(Citrus aurantium amara)
Aromatic Description:
Intensely floral, exotic,
sweet, citrusy
Indications: Used topically
as an anti-infective in skin
conditions. Mood uplifting,
boosts confidence, helps to
face emotional fear. Calms
nervous tension, relaxes
hyperactive children,
promotes a restful sleep.
PEPPERMINT
(Mentha piperita)
Aromatic Description:
Minty, hot, herbaceous
Indications: Used
externally as a disinfectant;
as an environmental
inhalant for migraine, sinus
infection, senility and high
fever. Mood uplifting,
especially for people with
slow metabolism, increase
mental clarity and
alertness, and the ability to
concentrate, sharpens the
senses. Opens breathing
passages, deepens
breathing.
ROSEMARY
(Rosmarinus officinalis)
Aromatic Description:
Fresh, herbaceous, sweet,
medicinal
Indications: Used
externally for relief of
aching and fatigued
muscles. Warming,
improves circulation.
Purifying, removes cellulite
and lymphatic deposits out
of the body. Mood uplifting,
stimulates the nerves,
metabolism. Refreshing;
improves mental clarity,
alertness, and the memory.
Vapors are cleansing and
disinfecting, excellent
respiratory support.
SAGE
(Salvia officinalis)
Aromatic Description:
Herbacous, camphorous,
fresh
Indications: Used
externally as a potent
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal
and anti-viral in skin care.
Suppresses perspiration.
Reduces stress, Improves
circulation. Relaxes sore
muscles, lessens aches,
pains, and menstrual pain.
Used for general
weakness. Suppresses
lactation.
TEA TREE OIL
(Melaleuca alternifolia)
Aromatic Description:
Medicinal, fresh, herbaceous
Indications: Used
externally as a germicidal,
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal,
anti-viral, and healing in
skin care applications.
Soothing to insect bites.
Vapors open sinus and
breathing passages. Mood
uplifting; reviving, improves
mental clarity.
Sources:
The Aromatherapy Encyclopedia, Carol & David
Schiller, Basic Health Publications 2008.
Aromatherapy for the Healthy Child
Valerie Ann Worwood, New World Library, 2000.
Aromatherapy for Practitioners
Ulla-Maija Grace, Saffrom Walden, The C.W.
Daniel Company Limited. 1996.
The Aromatherapy Encyclopedia, Carol & David
Schiller, Basic Health Publications 2008.
Aromatherapy for the Healthy Child
Valerie Ann Worwood, New World Library, 2000.
Aromatherapy for Practitioners
Ulla-Maija Grace, Saffrom Walden, The C.W.
Daniel Company Limited. 1996.
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